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India is a vast and diverse country and has numerous fish and fisheries. Fish and fisheries are the backbone of the economy of India, accounting for about 3% of GDP. The major issues faced by Indian fisheries are lack of modernisation, depletion in productivity, low quality production, pollution, over-exploitation of stocks due to indiscriminate use of fishing gear without providing enough protection to juveniles or spawning stock. Fish is nutritious but it is not only about nutrition; it is also about security as fish provides more than 15% of animal protein consumed by humans globally. India is a large producer of seafood. The total value of Indian fish exports was about US$7.40 billion in 2008-09, which was mainly concentrated on fresh frozen fish. Total value of seafood production in India was almost US$847 million in 2008-09 which is predominantly aquaculture followed by capture fisheries by around 51%. There are various industries directly related to the fisheries sector which are due to its importance. About 60% of India's fishery resources are caught through individual fishermen with the rest being harvested through the small-scale family based fisheries, but this resource has not been adequately utilised or managed for sustainable development. Due to the importance of fisheries in the society and its relevance to national development there is an urgent need for policy and planning which would be for sustainable exploitation and conservation of the marine fishery resources. The Central Government has taken various initiatives to develop fisheries as an industry as well as a major employment generator. In October, 1982, a new Ministry viz., Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation was created after the bifurcation from earlier Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation & Flood Control to initiate programmes on inland water resources development at national level. In this connection a new Department viz. Department of Fishery was created in the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, with a mandate to develop and promote the inland fisheries in India. A number of programmes and development activities in fisheries and aquaculture sector has been taken up by the Central Government since its creation in 1982. In May 2003, Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation was bifurcated into three Ministries viz. Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Food Processing Industries and Ministry of Fisheries & Aquaculture under whose responsibility various programmes/schemes relating to aquaculture development has been entrusted to Department of FISHERIES. Fisheries are one of the most important economic activities of the country, industry and employment creators. However, due to lack of modernisation, depletion in productivity, low quality production, pollution, over-exploitation of stocks due to indiscriminate use of fishing gear without providing enough protection to juveniles or spawning stock. The total value of Indian fish exports was about US$7.40 billion in 2008-09. The total value of seafood production in India was almost US$847 million in 2008-09 which is predominantly aquaculture followed by capture fisheries by around 51%. fish and fisheries of india by v g jhingran pdf download cfa1e77820